Sample on Strategy Management of McDonalds Fast Food Company

Question: Describe about the Strategy Management for McDonalds. assignment requires to choose the retail company. Answer: Executive Summary This report contains an analysis of different strategies that can be employed by McDonalds in their operations for sustainability. It analyses the mission, vision and objectives of the company. Besides, the macro-environment has also been analyzed critically by the application of the PESTEL model and Porters five factor model. Internal factors have also been analyzed in the form of a SWOT analysis. The models applied in this report are essential in strategic management and they have been crafted to fit the operations of different organizations. Lastly, recommendations have been provided on how the strengths the company has can be utilized while minimizing the effects of the companys weaknesses. Also, there are recommendations on how the company can seize opportunities and evade possible threats that may be harmful to business. Strategic Purpose Strategic Purpose of the Organization Various business aspects are covered by McDonalds vision and that is evident in their vision statement. The company embraces innovation because they need to satisfy their customer needs, and that is why they say they need to enhance the contemporary customer experiences. Their vision has a strategic link to it and that is why the company is ever improving their products to suit the current and future market needs (McDonalds UK, 2016). They are determined to create products that will give satisfaction now as they work towards improving the products to give the market the quality of products they would need in the future. This shows that the main strategy to keep this reality is by embracing innovation which the company does effectively. Also, the mission of the company as clearly stated in their mission statement is to provide a conducive environment for their customers to eat and drink while offering the best working conditions to the employees. Also, it includes the corporate social responsibility by clearly stating that they would like to have a positive impact in the environment (McDonalds UK, 2016). These are factors that are strategic since they help the company to have a humble experience in the society and in so doing, they gain popularity and increase their sales. Compatibility between Strategic Statements and Functional Objectives of the Company From the vision and the mission statements discussed above, it can be deduced that there is a relationship between the statements and the functional objectives of the company (Dey, 2016). This is so because, McDonalds has managed to fulfill its promise to the market in offering the best quality food that they need and an ample environment from which the consumers can enjoy their meals.Besides, it has managed to give people good working experience by providing conducive environments from which they work. Their corporate social responsibility is also on point because they have activities that work towards improvement of the environment. External Analysis Macro-Environment Analysis (PESTEL Analysis) McDonaldscorporate strategies address the different issues that are discussed in this PESTEL analysis. This model analyzes the external factors that that present different opportunities and threats to the business. McDonalds is mainly focused on the socio-cultural and economic factors. Nonetheless, the companys success can be attributed to the effective strategies that have been employed by the company to deal with the external factors (Leekha Chhabra Sharma, 2014). Since the company is the biggest fast food outlet, McDonalds needs to adapt its strategies to suit the ever changing industry. Political Factors Political factors play a vital role in the operations of a business. This relates to many factors that are politically influenced. For instance, when an organization wants to enter the global market, it needs to have strategies that will make it successful in such an environment (Shilei Yong, 2009). In McDonalds case, the political factors include: increase in international trade agreements, which is an opportunity; the pending tax reforms which also is an opportunity and the changing public health guidelines and policies, which pose a threat to operations in the industry. The political factors have enabled McDonalds to expand in many international markets due to political stability (Verma, Gupta Nangia, 2014). Also, the company has an opportunity to strategically change its operations to minimize the impact of taxation without necessarily violating the law. However, there is a threat of the public health policies which are increasingly discouraging people from consuming junk and fa st food. Nonetheless, the company has a chance to change and improve its products to be healthy. In this analysis, the political factors opportunities outweigh the threats that are posed by the policies. Economic factors Economic factors address the wider economy. The economic factors include the growth rate of the economy, inflation, unemployment, costs of raw materials and energy costs among others. Changes and shifts in these factors affect the operation of an organization. Economic changes across the globe influence McDonalds working environment because it operates in different markets. The slow but steady nature of the US economy gives an opportunity to the company. McDonalds has a potential to grow because of the nature of the economy of the state. Another factor is the stable but risky economy in Europe (Sardar Talat, 2015). This poses a threat to the companys expansion in the region. Also, in Asia there is a rapid growth of the economy and it is offering opportunities to the local population. This is also a threat to McDonalds expansion in the Asian market. Analysis of the economic factors shows that the economy as an external factor poses a threat to the business (Bernhardt, et al., 2015). Socio-cultural Factors The analysis of social cultural factors refers to the social conditions that favor or limit the business of the company.Socio-cultural factors involve shared or common attitudes and beliefs of a population. They also refer to how the population reacts to trend changes. For McDonalds, the external social factors include: First, the widening wealth gap. This brings opportunities for the company to increase revenue due to an increased customer base. Since the company targets the middle and the low income earners, this creates great potential for growth. Secondly, cultural diversity gives the company an opportunity to improve the product mix to suit the diverse market (Brown, Bessant Lamming, 2013). This is also an opportunity since it increases the companys revenue through more sales. Lastly, there are lifestyle and healthy trends, which give the company an opportunity to improve healthfulness of its products. The analysis of the socio-cultural factors gives the company more opportunit ies than threats and hence an increased chance for future business. Technological Factors The technological factors also play a vital role in the success of a company. The ever changing technological techniques offer opportunities to those companies that also grow with the technology while the ones that do not improve their technologies are threatened. Such factors as improved communication, production techniques and distribution channels impact a business greatly. For McDonalds, research and development activities help the company to come up with improvements that enhance efficiency. Also, automation by the company helps in increasing production and hence a larger market is easily satisfied. Moreover, online marketing and sales increase the market base for the company (Erickson, 2016). Generally, the technological factors existing offer the company an opportunity for better business. Self service is one of the operational functions that technology enhances. Self service creates efficiency for both the organization and the customers. Also automation makes the production o f different products easy and faster. This improves the general performance of the organization. Ecological Factors Factors like climate change affect the business negatively hence posing a threat to the company. Although, emphasis on strategies that emphasize on sustainable business offers an opportunity, and also the increased corporate environmental activities help in popularization of the company. The company has a CSR policy because it is concerned with the environmental matters (Stembridge, 2014). The company encourages reusing of waste products to protect the environment. Also, they engage in occasional activities that clean the environment. Legal Factors Legal factors act as threats more than opportunities to a business. For instance, regulations limit operations of a company. The new minimum wage levels in the US affect the company negatively since they increase the operation costs, also the animal welfare regulations also threaten the business because they produce animal products too (Pingali, 2016). Legal factors are a major threat because they keep on changing and what is legal today may be illegal tomorrow making business difficult. These factors offer different opportunities and threats to the company. Since McDonalds is still a leader in the fast food restaurant business, it can be ascertained that they have the right strategies to tackle the challenges that are posed by these factors. Besides, the company can also seize the opportunities that the factors bring due to their strategic positioning. The analysis shows that there are opportunities that the company can use to gain a competitive advantage in future and that is how the company can be sustainable into the future. Also, the company should lay down strategies that deal with threats that these factors offer. Porters Five Force Factors Analysis McDonalds exhibits different levels of strength in the five forces. This model analyzes the most effective factors that directly or indirectly affect the business. For McDonalds, the focus is on the fast food industry. The companys success in the industry indicates that, effective strategies are being utilized to manage the external forces that may negatively affect business (AzadiRahimzadeh, 2012) Competitive Rivalry (Strong Force) The company faces stiff competition because the fast food restaurant industry is already saturated. Some of the players in the industry include KFC, Dominos, and Pizza Hut among others.For McDonalds, the external factors that create a strong force include the high number of competitors, the level of aggressiveness of the competitors and low switching costs. All these pose a threat to the company since they are strong forces and entry is easy for other firms. Bargaining Power of Customers (Strong Force) Customers have a chance to easily impose their demands on the company since switching costs are low. Moving from one restaurant to another is easy. Also, the large numbers of service providers acts as a threat to their operation and customers can influence their operations (Rosenberg, 2015). In addition,availability of substitutes give customers the strength to bargain since they can readily get substitutes of what the company offers, hence the bargaining power of customers is a strong force. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Weak Force) The bargaining power of suppliers does not affect the companys operations. This is due to the large number of suppliers of raw materials in the market. Also, there is an abundance of the supplies that the company utilizes which makes it possible for them to have options to choose the best bargains. This is a weak force and it gives an opportunity to the company to cut costs. Threat of Substitutes (Strong Force) The analysis of this force focuses on the effects of the availability of substitutes on the firms performance. High performance, low switching costs and substitute availability are strong forces that influence the operations of McDonalds. This factor is harmful to business although the company has managed to retain its popularity in the industry for long (Dey, 2016). Such a force can be managed through strategies like product quality enhancement and improvement. Threat of New Entrants (Moderate Force) In all industries, the threat of new entrants exists. It is a force that threatens the market base of a business. In the case of McDonalds, the force is not so strong because there are some limitations in terms of costs. These costs relate to capital, switching costs and brand development. McDonalds is already popular and there are minimal chances of new entrants taking over their market space. Besides, McDonalds has developed a loyal customer base. Again the high cost of capital does not allow new entrants to invade the market easily and that is why this force is moderate and is controllable by the company. Internal Analysis Strategic Capabilities. Organizational Capabilities and Core Competences The company has different capabilities that enable it to manage the operations of the company such as having a secret recipe, core intellectual assets, a strong value chain and other capabilities and core competences are discussed below. Secret recipe-McDonalds has a secret recipe that cannot easily be imitated. They have strict confidential contracts signed by people who offer their services. Core intellectual assets-The employees in McDonalds are trained in the way the organization operates and how to prepare different products. Quality is highly upheld and they are highly motivated. Strong value chain-The organization has a strong value chain, which helps in the achievement of the companies objectives. Financial physical assets and technology-The Company has a huge asset base and that makes its expansion easy because of the competitive advantage it enjoys. In addition, it employs technology in most of its activities and that makes it have superior products. Business Functions Analysis The main business functions include, administrative functions, franchising, which is a kind of business model that gives different organizations a right to use their brand name and business model for a specified period of time, human resource, supplies and product development. These functions are essential and helped the organization to gain the success that it enjoys currently. Although there are other functions, the ones mentioned are the ones that promote the strategic wellbeing of the organization. Basis of Competitive Strategy The generic strategy the company uses is the one of cost leadership. The company engages in cost minimization so that their products can have low prices. This strategy has helped the company in market penetration. The company operates on position 2, 3 and 4 which are, low price, hybrid and differentiation. Innovation and creativity are the practices that enhance the companys competitive advantage (Wittmann Reuter, 2008). Strategic Choice and Strategy Evaluation Key Direction of Future Growth It is essential for McDonalds to grow its business and possibly diversify because of the changing trends in the business environment. Changes like peoples tastes and preference, production techniques and environmental conservation policies affect business. This can be done by exploring new products and new markets. The Ansoff matrix can be applied in the process to come up with suitable strategies for improved business operations (Richardson Evans, 2007). Market Penetration Market penetration involves the presentation of the existing products to an already existing market (Taylor, 2012). McDonalds has chicken products, Hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, desserts and salads. The strategy for market penetration for the new products is offering them at a reduced price (Goldman, Nieuwenhuizen, 2006). This strategy is effective for the penetration of a new and existing market since people like to spend little and gain more. New Product Development The company has always provided innovative products to its customers. This relates to unique recipes that they employ in the production of their products. McDonalds seeks innovation from one market and employs it in the rest of the worlds markets. This strategy is a little risky but it has helped the company to build its over 47 million customers across the world. The strategy is the one responsible for the companys growth. New Market Development McDonalds is a global company and its franchise system helps it to reach its customers in the international market. The organization has over 31000 outlets and is operational in 119 countries and still is expanding (Pride Ferrell, 2010). The franchise system, the company is successful in entering new international market and the strategy has proven to be significantly effective. Diversification Diversification is a marketing strategy in which an organization engages in exploring markets which in which it has not been having operations (Taylor, 2012). It is difficult for the company along its normal operations to diversify. The franchise system is not suitable for diversification since the processes involved may be long and insignificant. The strategy employed is the acquisition of other companies with different products. For instance, McDonalds acquired some stake in Chipotle Mexican Grill Pert a Manger and Donatos Pizza. This is the strategy that can work for diversification since the company has a competitive advantage. Ansoffs Matrix Analysis This is a strategic planning tool that is used by marketing managers and other executives in coming up with ways they will operate in the future. The option in the matrix chosen is market penetration strategy. Suitability The strategy employed by McDonalds in market penetration is taking in new products to existing markets at low prices and that edges competition making it a suitable strategy (Richardson, Evans, 2007). Acceptability The strategy is acceptable because, the company operates at low costs and that gives them a competitive advantage over other players who have high operational costs. Feasibility The strategy is feasible because the company has a huge financial asset base which enables it to enter the new markets at low prices without significant effects on their financial status. Conclusion and Recommendations McDonalds has different strengths which enable it to survive in the competitive fast food industry. Having a strong financial base enables them to navigate through various economic cycles. To reduce risks, the company should diversify since it has a high financial asset base. The nature of the food that the company produces acts as a weakness because there are campaigns against fast foods in the world. The company should start producing healthy products that will help them remain afloat in the market. Also, all legal requirements should be fulfilled to reduce risks. There is an opportunity in the fast growing fast food industry because people dont have time to prepare their food and so this opportunity should be used by the company to increase its business. Besides, the company should explore green energy which will help in conservation and reduction of costs. The threats the company faces include competition, public health matters and environmental issues. Competition can be edged b y improving quality while public health and environmental matters can be resolved by having the right certifications and processes. Bibliography Azadi, S, Rahimzadeh, E 2012, 'DEVELOPING MARKETING STRATEGY FOR ELECTRONIC BUSINESS BY USING MCCARTHY'S FOUR MARKETING MIX MODEL AND PORTER'S FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES', EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 2, 2, pp. 47-58, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 June 2016. Bernhardt, A, Wilking, C, Gilbert-Diamond, D, Emond, J, Sargent, J 2015, 'Childrens Recall of Fast Food Television AdvertisingTesting the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation', Plos ONE, 10, 3, pp. 1-12, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 June 2016. Brown, S., Bessant, J. R., Lamming, R. 2013. Strategic operations management. Routledge. Dey, K. 2016. The fast food industry in the UK. Analysis of McDonalds with PESTEL, VRIN and Porter's Five Forces. Erickson, N. 2016. 3rd Party Monitors Spur Action in McDonalds Chinese Food Safety Protocols. Goldman, G., Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2006. Strategy: sustaining competitive advantage in a globalised context. Cape Town, Juta. Leekha Chhabra, N., Sharma, S. 2014. Employer branding: strategy for improving employer attractiveness. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 22(1), 48-60. McDonalds UK. 2016. About us. [online] Available at: https://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome/Aboutus.html [Accessed 14 Jul. 2016]. 'McDonald's Corporation SWOT Analysis' 2014, Mcdonald's Corporation SWOT Analysis, pp. 1-8, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 June 2016. Pingali, V. 2016. Responsible leadership: learning from Indian case studies. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 1-9. Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. 2010. Marketing. Australia: South Western Cengage Learning Richardson, M, Evans, C 2007, 'Strategy in Action Applying Ansoff's Matrix', Manager: British Journal Of Administrative Management, 59, pp. i-iii, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 June 2016. Rosenberg, M. 2015. Strategy and sustainability: a strategic logic for engagement with the environment. Palgrave Communications, 1. Sardar, R., Talat, M. A. 2015. What managers believe as important while recruitment in fast food industry within Norway: A case study of Burger King and McDonalds. Shilei, L, Yong, W 2009, 'Target-oriented obstacle analysis by PESTEL modeling of energy efficiency retrofit for existing residential buildings in China's northern heating region', Energy Policy, 37, 6, pp. 2098-2101, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 June 2016. Stembridge, A. F. 2014. Strategic planningThe basic steps. In International Forum Journal (Vol. 4, No. 2). Taylor, EC 2012, 'COMPETITIVE IMPROVEMENT PLANNING: USING ANSOFF'S MATRIX WITH ABELL'S MODEL TO INFORM THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS', Allied Academies International Conference: Proceedings Of The Academy Of Strategic Management (ASM), 11, 1, pp. 21-27, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 June 2016. Verma, A., Gupta, A., Nangia, G. 2014. Study of Various Adaptation Policies by Companies to Compete At a Global Scenario. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 6(7), 615-618. Wittmann, R. G., Reuter, M. P. 2008.Strategic planning: how to deliver maximum value through effective business strategy. Philadelphia, Kogan Page Ltd. Zhao, Z, Zuo, J, Wu, P, Yan, H, Zillante, G 2016, 'Competitiveness assessment of the biomass power generation industry in China: A five forces model study', Renewable Energy: An International Journal, 89, pp. 144-153, GreenFILE, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 June 2016.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells free essay sample

In lifes hierarchy, cells make up the lowest level of organization. Cells can perform activities required to sustain life. A cells ability to divide to form new cells is the basis for growth and repair in organisms. Cells also play a key role in the recycling of carbon, a chemical element essential to life, and also participate in cellular processes such as photosynthesis. With these points in mind, it should be noted that cells come in one of two forms: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. By investigating the structural and unctional similarities and differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and by exploring the process of endosymbiosos, one can gain further insight into the diversity of cells. One distinct difference between these cells is prokaryotic cells can be classified as either bacteria or archaea while eukaryotic cells make up all other forms of life including plants and animals. This distinction arises from the fact that prokaryotic cells are simple, small, and mostly unicellular whereas eukaryotic cells are more complex, big, and generally multi-cellular. We will write a custom essay sample on Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eukaryotic cells have a embrane enclosed nucleus and many small organelles in its cytoplasm while prokaryotic cells lack membrane enclosed organelles of specialized form and function and a nucleus. Furthermore in a prokaryotic cell, DNA is not separated by a membrane bound nucleus; instead the DNA is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid. Another difference involves the way in which both the cells replicate. Prokaryotic cells reproduce through a process of cellular division known as binary fission. In binary fission one copy of the origin moves rapidly towards the other end f the cell. Once the origins meet on one side of the cell, the plasma membrane grows inward and a new cell wall is deposited. The result is two daughter cells. Eukaryotic cells reproduce through an evolved form of binary fission known as mitosis, in which spindles from outside the nucleus and break down into two separate cells, and meosis. Despite these major differences, both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells have many structural and functional similarities. All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane, filled with cytoplasm, that functions as a selective barrier. This barrier allows for the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between the cell and its surroundings. Another similarity is that both types of cells have chromosomes, ribosomes ( tiny organelles that make proteins via instruction from the genes) and protein lipids in their membranes. Both also have DNA strands which hold their genetic information. The evolutionary relationship between the both cells establishes how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells were created through a process of genetic exchanges between prokaryotes. This process is known as endosymbiosis. Two organelles which have directed this theory are the mitochondria and the plastids. Both of these organelles are found in eukaryotic cells however research has shown that these structures are decedents of independent prokaryotic cells. Since Eukaryotic cells have the ability to engulf other cells, it can be concluded that the prokaryotic ancestors of the mitochondria and plastids gained entry into the eukaryotic cells which in turn formed into packages of vesicles. Thus, Eukaryotic cells were

Wild Iris Sample Essay

Wild Iris Sample EssayA student may wish to use a sample essay for the Wild Iris sample essay. This type of essay may be easy to write and it can help students begin to use their writing skills. This is because a Wild Iris sample essay is different from other types of essays.The Wild Iris sample essay can help a student to understand how to write an essay that is interesting, well-written, and most importantly, how to write an essay that is interesting. A Wild Iris sample essay can also teach a student how to write an essay that has good structure. If a student has never written an essay before, he or she should look into writing an essay with the Wild Iris sample essay.When a student looks into a Wild Iris sample essay, he or she will find that the Wild Iris sample essay consists of four parts. These parts are the Introduction, the Body, the First Part, and the Final Exam. In addition, the Wild Iris sample essay is broken down into five sections: Postscript, Original Research, Probl em Solving, Analysis, and Conclusion.A Wild Iris sample essay is useful for any student looking to know more about writing an essay. Whether the student is an experienced writer or he or she is new to writing, this Wild Iris sample essay can show him or her what they need to know when writing an essay. For example, a student can gain some insight into what writing an essay is like by reading the Wild Iris sample essay.While reading a Wild Iris sample essay can be fun, it can also be hard work. Most of the time, a student will not be able to see his or her work before it is actually printed on the page. However, a student can look at the Wild Iris sample essay and see how his or her essay will appear before it is printed.Wild Iris sample essays are useful for students because they will be able to see how their essays will look when it is finally printed. Additionally, a student can see how to structure his or her Wild Iris sample essay. He or she can learn how to format an essay in a way that will make it easier for a reader to read.It should be noted that the Wild Iris sample essay is not an essay that a student can use for school. After all, no one wants to take their own essay and send it to someone who is not familiar with Wild Iris. Students who are looking for essays that they can use for school will need to look elsewhere.Overall, Wild Iris sample essays are great for students who are looking to improve their writing skills. They can also help a student to see how his or her essay will look when it is finally printed. Before a student starts a Wild Iris sample essay, he or she should make sure he or she has his or her work ready.

Saint Dominic Quotations

Saint Dominic Quotations Born in 1170 and founder of the Order of Friars Preachers, Domingo de Guzmn lived an austere life, traveling and spreading the Gospel. He was also good friends with Saint Francis of Assisi. Here are some quotations attributed to Saint Dominic. On Austerity and Charity Arm yourself with prayer instead of a sword; be clothed with humility instead of fine raiment. These, my  much loved  ones, are the bequests which I leave to you as my sons; have charity among yourselves; hold fast to humility; keep a willing poverty. We must sow the seed, not hoard it. I could not bear to prize dead skins, when living skins were starving and in need.- After selling books inscribed on parchment (sheepskin) and giving the money to the poor. Other Saint Dominic Quotes I would tell them to kill me slowly and painfully, a little at a time, so that I might have a more glorious crown in Heaven.- After being asked what he would do if caught by his enemies. A man who governs his passions is master of the world. We must either rule ​them, or be ruled by them. It is better to be the hammer than the anvil. You are my companion and must walk with me. For if we hold together no earthly power can withstand us.- Upon meeting Francis of Assisi.

Financial Reporting Fraud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Reporting Fraud - Essay Example There are four constraints stipulated in the GAAP. The objective principle which states that the information provided by an account in the financial statements should be based on tangible evidence. There is the materiality principle which says that an item should be reported in the financial statements on if it is capable of affecting decision making of the user of the statements . The consistency principle requires a company to use the same accounting principles, guidelines and methods in the preparation of the financial statements from each period to another.   However, fraudulent company employees and executives with the intention to swindle the company some funds or for personal gain consciously circumvent the aforementioned assumptions, principles and constraints. The methods involved are very complex and usually involves overstatement of revenue, understatement of expenses, misuse or misdirection of funds, misreporting of the assets and liabilities of the company. This is wha t is referred to as financial reporting fraud.  To obtain additional funds from a financing institution such as a bank, to report unrealistic profits and hide losses so as to evade accountability by the top executive of the company, attract customers and investors by making the company to appear more successful than it is, to achieve a performance related bonus or incentive by the employees and to conceal theft either by the employees or the company executive. An example of a major accounting scandal in the United States is the Enron Scandal.

CoverGirl Cosmetics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CoverGirl Cosmetics - Research Paper Example Since, strong support of P&G is still behind the Cover Girl therefore this brand is still available in the shelves of cosmetics stores and is not seriously exposed to the risk of disappearing from make-up and cosmetics market. Since Cover Girl is among the umbrella of P&G’s billion dollar brands, therefore, the beauty sector of P&G which certainly includes Cover Girl as part of its beauty section. Overall if the beauty section of P &G is observed, this particular section has generated billion dollars brands which are truly the global market leaders in today’s beauty industry. Olay, Pantene, Head & Shoulder and several other brands contribute remarkably well in reflecting a beautiful picture of financial statements of P&G. These famous brands are the core cause behind this sound financial position of P&G. If some of the relevant ratios are taken into account in respect of beauty products of P&G, two ratios are highlighted in the financial statements of P&G for the year 2011. These two ratios are percentage of Net Sales and Percentage of Net Earnings. Coincidently, the value of both these ratios is computed to around 24%. If these ratios are analyzed in a bit detail, then it can be observed that P&G generated the sales of around $82.5 billion in the year 2010-11. Among these sales, 24% is contributed by the beauty products that P&G manufactures, which is the most revenues created by any sub-part of P&G. This shows how highly P&G is dependent on the beauty segment. Another ratio reflects the percentage of profitability that beauty segment earned in the period 2010-11 which is again 24%. This 24% means that among the profits of around $11.2 billion, 24% profit is earned due to the sales of beauty products of P&G. This clearly presents the importance of beauty products in the portfolio o f P&G. Since the Cover Girl is still seeking its place among the billion dollar brands, therefore, further 5 to 10 years might be needed for Cover Girl to grow on a bigger stage

Dissection and graded assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissection and graded - Assignment Example A progressive disorder can be dealt with if proper genetic testing is done, but at times unpreventable diseases are found out by genetic testing. In these cases there are ethical issues which may arise. An example of an ethical issue arising due to genetic testing is the chance of someone using a person’s personal information against someone which could prove to be harmful. Hence it can be clearly stated that genetic testing is a matter of privacy and individual choice. Laws passed by HIPAA and GINA protect personal information of those being tested and eradicate the chances of discrimination (Norrgard, 2008). 1. You are an epidemiologist at a county hospital. The hospital has asked you to examine the effects of antibiotics administered to patients before surgery that involves opening of the chest cavity. The time frame for administration of antibiotics to patients before surgery is 2-hour intervals for up to 24 hours. The overall objective of the study is to reduce surgical infections and deaths associated with surgery. The hospital administration has given you 15 years to complete the study. The purpose of administering antibiotics prophylactically is important prior to any surgery. The main need for this administration is to prevent any possible post-surgery infections. The possible wound infections result in extended stays of patients at hospitals. These infections develop due to microbial virulence factors, local factors, surgical techniques and systemic factors. Over the years epidemiologists at the hospital facility worked to choose the best suitable antibiotic. The antibiotic had low toxicity and low chances of allergies. The antibiotic of choice was given 30 minutes before the surgery. The concentration of the drug given was adjusted with the duration of surgery. In surgeries which involved incising the chest cavity, the antibiotic of choice was cefazolin (Holzheimer, 2001). A comparative study was carried out between the efficacies of two